WASHINGTON—U.S. President Donald Trump’s global tariffs are illegal, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Friday, in a stinging repudiation of a signature White House initiative. The decision, written by Chief Justice John Roberts, removes a tool of diplomatic pressure that Trump has aggressively wielded to remake U.S. trade deals and collect tens of billions of dollars from companies importing foreign goods. It is the first time the high court has definitively struck down one of Trump’s second-term policies. In other areas, the court’s conservative majority has so far granted Trump broad latitude to deploy executive power in novel ways, but a…