SEOUL—Na Se-bin has lost all sense of the value of money. Since January, she has poured nearly all her life savings, roughly $47,000, into the stock market, lured by a global AI boom enriching tech powerhouses in South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Riding wild market swings, the 24-year-old South Korean software developer said she has won and lost the equivalent of a month’s salary in the span of a second. Despite the risk, she can’t resist—not after seeing some of her holdings double in price. Over the past 18 months, South Korea has been the world’s top-performing stock market, and Na…