U.S. cities have a climate problem. Their architecture, road layouts, transportation systems and other infrastructure were designed for weather conditions that are becoming a thing of the past. “A lot of infrastructure we’re still using now was built for the weather of the 1950s and ’60s,” says Costa Samaras, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. “This is not the weather that we have now, and it’s not the weather that we’ll have in the future as it continues to be altered because of the emissions that lead to climate change.” A key metric to watch…