Whirlwinds begin from the ground. It is the conditions above the ground that cause the narrow columns of sometimes violent winds to form up and rotate. Micro and macro features combine with instability to create destruction.  Thanks to human activity, more of the sun’s energy than really should stays in the Earth system instead of leaving it. This means an inexorable rise in average temperatures. This in turn implies a more unstable climate. Right now in Europe, land temperature measurements by the European Space Agency’s Copernicus satellite show surface temperatures in Turkey and Cyprus have passed 50°C, fuelling rampant wildfires…

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